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Climate Change News
Brought to you by the Environmental and Energy Study Institute
Carol Werner, Executive Director
October 10, 2008
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EU Climate Change Cuts: Poland Leads Revolt over Russia Fears
On October 6, Poland assembled a blocking minority with Eastern European countries to bring Brussel’s climate package to a temporary halt, claiming that more discussion is needed. "Poland fully accepts the necessity of reducing CO2 emissions by 2020 but not in the formula now presented by the European Commission," said Poland's Environment Minister Maciej Nowicki. "This would lead to the worsening of the situation of Polish industry and the living standard of the people." Poland gets about 90 percent of its electricity from coal-fueled power plants and fears its power companies would be unable to compete in free-market auctions with power plants from wealthier European countries. There are also concerns about the shift in dependence on Russian natural gas. "We are dependent on Russia for 97 percent of our gas and more than 90 percent of our petrol," said Jan Skoda, Slovakia's foreign ministry spokesman. "We're caught with a double-edged sword. We are concerned that dependence of any kind is not good for our or anybody's strategic interests. On the one hand we want to accept the protocol's conclusions, reduce carbon dioxide and proceed toward a healthier climate. On the other hand we have to keep our capacity to compete."
For additional information see:
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/main.jhtml?xml=/earth/2008/10/03/eapola...
http://www.reuters.com/article/environmentNews/idUSTRE4922NT20081003
http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/feedarticle/7845173
http://www.economist.com/world/europe/displaystory.cfm?story_id=12341574
Berkeley Lab and UC Berkeley Announce India Energy R&D Program
On October 3, the US Department of Energy’s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the University of California, Berkeley, launched the Berkeley-India Joint Leadership on Energy and the Environment (BIJLEE) to work with the government and private sector of India to cut greenhouse gas emissions but maintain economic growth. “The goal of BIJLEE is both timely and visionary: to accommodate rising demands for energy with a richer mix of sustainable alternatives,” said S. Shankar Sastry, Dean of UC Berkeley’s College of Engineering. “UC Berkeley and the Berkeley Lab will partner with government and industry in India to spark innovations in renewable energy technologies and transform market and policy mechanisms for adopting these technologies. Both countries – indeed, the entire planet – will benefit.”
BIJLEE scientists will conduct research on the three pillars of sustainability: basic science and engineering, new technology development, and policies to promote market transformation to further energy efficiency, clean energy sources and smart growth. Berkeley already has a China Energy Group that works with the Chinese government and private sector on energy issues. “India has one of the largest populations and fastest growing economies in the world, and it is the world’s largest democracy,” said Environmental Energy Technologies Division Director Arun Majumdar. “For the foreseeable future, it will have one of the fastest rising rates of greenhouse gas emissions, along with China. The US needs to figure out how to address these growing emissions in partnership with these two rapidly expanding economies if we are to have any chance of reducing those emissions globally.”
For additional information see:
http://newscenter.lbl.gov/press-releases/2008/10/03/berkeley-lab-and-uni...
http://www.mercurynews.com/breakingnews/ci_10630508
UN, China to Co-organize High-Level Event on Climate Change
On October 3, the United Nations and China announced plans to co-organize a high-level meeting on climate change in early November, with a focus on practical options and solutions to technology development and transfer. "Technology transfer is of enormous importance in tackling climate change," said UN Undersecretary-General for Economic and Social Affairs Sha Zukang. "Together with financing technology transfer, it is one of the means of achieving adaptation and mitigation action." The aim of the conference is to support the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change process, especially the conference in Poland this December. The Chinese claimed efforts to develop and transfer clean technologies have fallen behind the need, and the processes to carry out and finance these steps are not yet in place. "We hope this conference will help countries form some consensus on development and transfer of technologies for addressing climate change so as to further promote the efforts to address climate change," said China's Deputy Permanent Representative to the United Nations Liu Zhenmin.
For additional information see:
http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-10/04/content_10146343.htm
Carbon Offset Market Grows up, Problems Remain
On October 6, a growing carbon market posted an increase in sales of carbon offsets despite the Wall Street crisis. Many believe this stems from growing “green” guilt. Others are skeptical of whether organizations effectively fund emission cuts. "We started off as an offset charity but soon realized all the complications that came with it. The whole market is shrouded in controversy," said the chief executive of C-Change Trust, Jonathan Ekin. Instead of offsetting, the trust asks businesses to acknowledge their CO2 emissions through a charitable donation of 10 pounds a metric ton. The group then invests the profits in renewables for Britain’s schools to reduce their overall carbon footprint. "People are looking for alternatives. Offsetting was something that worked a while back but now it has a negative undertone. If you want to buy credits, you don't know where they have come from. That is why it is so controversial," Ekin said.
Others defend offsetting companies, arguing that tracking systems allow buyers to know where the cuts are being made. The Chicago Climate Exchange experienced its second busiest trading day on September 23. "This is an issue that a lot of people care about," said Christina Page of California-based Yahoo!, which spent about $2 million to offset emissions from its electricity use and from employees' travel. Marketing acted as a motivator. "It does attract people," she said.
For additional information see:
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/10/05/AR200810...
http://www.reuters.com/article/environmentNews/idUSTRE4924I020081003?fee...
Car Makers Say Crisis Complicates EU CO2 Compliance
On October 3, global car makers urged European authorities at the Paris Autoshow to reconsider proposed limits on CO2 emissions from cars because of the present financial crisis. "You can't pile on regulation on an industry during its worst time in the last 10 years," said Fiat Chief Executive Sergio Marchionne. "It's nonsense." Marchionnie suggested that officials allocate $55 billion in loans to the European auto industry to develop greener technologies. The European Commission has proposed an emissions cap of 130 grams per kilometer per vehicle by 2012, which automakers fear is unachievable due to financial constraints and insufficient time. “Car makers face increasingly hesitant consumers and call on governments to respond, stimulate the economy ... and restore consumer confidence," said Christian Streiff, ACEA President and chief executive of PSA Peugeot Citroen.
For additional information see:
http://www.reuters.com/article/marketsNews/idUSLQ56398520081003?rpc=77&i...
http://www.planetark.com/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/50500/story.htm
Members Support Principles for Global Warming Legislation
On October 2, 152 members of Congress, led by Rep. Henry Waxman (D-CA), Rep. Edward Markey (D-ME), and Rep. Jay Inslee (D-WA), sent a letter to Speaker Nancy Pelosi (D-CA) listing suggested legislative actions for Congress to establish an economy-wide mandatory program to address the threat of climate change. Some measures include investing in energy efficiency, assisting threatened wildlife and ecosystems, and enforcing emissions targets. “The principles recognize that we must transition to a clean energy economy to avoid dangerous global warming, create green jobs, and boost America’s long-term economic prosperity,” the press release stated. “The principles emphasize that we must act based on the science and strengthen our response as necessary.”
For additional information see:
http://www.globalwarming.house.gov/mediacenter/pressreleases_2008?id=004...
UK 'Needs Tougher Climate Target'
On October 7, Adair Turner, the Chief Advisor of the British Committee on Climate Change, sent a letter to recently appointed Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change, Ed Miliband, urging an increase in greenhouse gas emission cuts from the present target of 60 percent to 80 percent by 2050. "If we do not act soon in developed and developing countries, it will become too late to avoid serious and potentially catastrophic consequences. That is why it is so vital that a global deal is reached on climate change and that the UK contributes significantly towards this,” said Turner. "But we have the potential to reduce our emissions by 80 percent or more by using energy far more efficiently, by investing in developing new energy sources and by making relatively minor lifestyle changes."
New scientific research since the 2000 Royal Commission has led Turner to this higher target. Newly released information includes the decreased ability of oceans and vegetation to act as carbon sinks as temperatures rise as well as the rapid rate of Arctic melt. "The committee's advice is fantastic news - climate change is the biggest threat the planet faces. The Climate Change Bill is a trail-blazing piece of legislation - but the government must now strengthen it to help make Britain a world leader in developing a low carbon economy," said Friends of the Earth's executive director Andy Atkins.
For additional information see:
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7655678.stm
http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601102&sid=aRvVtTSEspfc&refer=uk
http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/climate-change/uk-should-cut-gr...
http://uk.reuters.com/article/environmentNews/idUKTRE49604020081007
European Legislators Back Emissions Rules
On October 7, European Union lawmakers passed ambitious proposals to curb greenhouse gas emissions, but to the dismay of some environmentalists provided concessions to industries. The parliament called for a 20 percent emissions reduction target to be raised to 30 percent if there is a global agreement during talks in December 2009 in Copenhagen. It supported the proposal of 100% auctioning of emissions trading rights after 2013 in the energy sector, rather than distributing them for free, and 15 percent in other sectors, with the goal of 100 percent auctioning of polluting rights in all sectors by 2020.
“The economic climate has just gone from bad to worse, but for all the trouble we have, the single greatest challenge facing us is climate change," said Irish Conservative member Avril Doyle, who led the legislation. “The crisis in liquidity is not a helpful backdrop, but it does not mean my colleagues or I should drop the ball." Many industry representatives felt the measures would hurt business even with the large investment in the research and development of clean coal technology. "This is going to cost us jobs," said German Conservative member Karl-Heinz Florenz. "Europe will face a tough burden in the internal market, while America and China's industry will enjoy a light regime."
For additional information see:
http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSL711408420081007
http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/utilitie...
http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5ig_AO4sK_Ip1B7i6jJsNRfWEHRPw
http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/08/business/worldbusiness/08emit.html?_r=...
UN Sees Risks Mount for Global Warming Fight
On October 6, UN Executive Secretary to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UFCCC), Yvo De Boer, expressed concerns that action on climate change might be delayed due to the financial crisis and money being poured into banks. "You can only spend a dollar or a Euro once," De Boer said. "I certainly think it's a worrying development.” In previous climate talks, rich and poor countries have split on how to assign responsibilities. China wants the United States and Europe to contribute more to funds to fight climate change but with money already spent on the credit crisis, a commitment will be uncertain. "One alternative would be that we don't manage to meet a deadline in Copenhagen and that we slide into a WTO-like process that goes on without a clearly agreed deadline, or perhaps even worse that you get a highly fragmented approach to climate change," De Boer said.
For additional information see:
http://www.reuters.com/article/environmentNews/idUSTRE49547T20081006?fee...
Rural Communities Best Equipped to Cope with Climate Change: UN Report
A UN Report called “Roots or Resilience: Growing Wealth of the Poor” was launched on October 7 and identifies rural communities as best equipped to cope with climate change. Written by the UN Development Program (UNDP), UN Environment Program (UNEP), the World Bank, and the World Resources Institute, the report encourages granting more rights to the rural poor, allowing them to protect nature and sustainably manage and profit from the forests, wetlands and wildlife they depend on. "Local communities clearly have an interest to sustain the ecosystems on which they depend," said Manish Bapna, executive vice president of the World Resources Institute. "But today, all too often, they face a disabling, not an enabling environment." The report details suggested actions: transferring legal authority to local communities, building capacity to manage and establish nature-based enterprises, and helping these enterprises connect with mainstream business markets. "Poverty will never be made history unless we invest in more intelligent management of the world's nature-based assets," said Achim Steiner, UNEP under-secretary general and executive director.
For additional information see:
http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2008/oct/06/climatechange.flooding
http://www.wri.org/publication/world-resources-2008-roots-of-resilience
Climate Change Threatens Australian Fisheries
On October 6, the Australian Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CISRO) issued a report that found the $1.6 billion Australian fishing and aquaculture industry threatened by climate change. As temperatures rise, however, tropical marine species may migrate south, creating new fisheries. ''Climate change is likely to bring a range of both opportunities and challenges to the sector, but overall it would seem that it will pose some very significant risks to the sustainability of fisheries and aquaculture in Australia,'' the report stated. The report warns of more coral bleaching, lower salmon production and smaller catches of prawns, barramundi, and mud crabs. Climate Change Minister Penny Wong acknowledged the need for immediate action on climate change. “The Rudd Government is currently working on the final design of our carbon pollution reduction scheme, to be released in a white paper by the end of the year,'' Wong said.
For additional information see:
http://www.reuters.com/article/environmentNews/idUSTRE4951JW20081006
http://news.smh.com.au/national/climate-change-threatens-local-fisheries...
http://www.canberratimes.com.au/news/local/news/general/fisheries-at-ser...
25% of Wild Mammal Species Face Extinction
In the October 3 issue of Science, a study done over the course of five years by 1,700 experts in 130 countries projected that 25 percent of wild mammals face extinction due to habitat loss, pollution, hunting and virulent disease. "Climate change conjures up images of rising sea levels and stranded polar bears," said Steven Sanderson, president of New York-based Conservation Society. "But perhaps the greatest threat will come from emerging infectious diseases as a result of changing temperatures and rainfall levels." Ocean animals are also discussed in the report. Increased levels of acidity in oceans allow sound to travel longer distances, including background noise, which can be disorienting to marine life. “We understand the chemistry of the ocean is changing. The biological implications of that we really don't know," said ocean chemist Keith Hester at the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute. "The magnitude to which sound absorption will change, based mainly on human contribution, is really astounding." Global warming may force plant and animal species from the mountain regions and the tropics to move to higher ground, which could lead to extinction if there is less land to forage. "These kinds of changes in community composition have been going on forever," said James Patton, who led the fieldwork in Yosemite. "It is the speed with which these changes are taking place that gives one pause."
For additional information see:
http://uk.reuters.com/article/environmentNews/idUKTRE4989MY20081009?sp=true
http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5hgRUgi0kLIvuVA2reYgm2NsLNwFw
http://ap.google.com/article/ALeqM5jvyHl4e2TTtB0UTefwV2WLVMBu7gD93L0LVO0
http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5ionGsqtB-gFBto0pSA3W_8jfvpEA
'Deadly Dozen' Reports Diseases Worsened By Climate Change
On October 7, the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) released a report about the “Deadly Dozen,” 12 infectious diseases in wildlife and humans that may spike as an immediate consequence of climate change. Some of the diseases include the avian influenza, Ebola, cholera, and tuberculosis. "The reason we want to draw attention to [microbes] is they're difficult to see, they have devastating effects, and we also don't think about them until it's too late," said William Karesh, a report co-author and vice president of Global Health Programs at the New York-based WCS. In order to avoid mass breakouts among humans, WCS recommended using an early warning system in the form of wildlife monitoring to see how the diseases spread.
"The term 'climate change' conjures images of melting ice caps and rising sea levels that threaten coastal cities and nations, but just as important is how increasing temperatures and fluctuating precipitation levels will change the distribution of dangerous pathogens," said Dr. Steven E. Sanderson, President and CEO of the WCS. "The health of wild animals is tightly linked to the ecosystems in which they live and influenced by the environment surrounding them, and even minor disturbances can have far reaching consequences on what diseases they might encounter and transmit as climate changes.” WCS acknowledged that climate change could also lessen the probability of other diseases but maintained the stance that without observation it is difficult to know.
For additional information see:
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/10/081007073928.htm
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/natur e/7657415.stm
http://africa.reuters.com/wire/news/usnL769232.html
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2008/10/081007-climate-diseases....
House Democrats Unveil Climate-Change Proposal
On October 7, House Energy and Commerce Committee Chairman John Dingell (D-MI) and Rep. Rick Boucher (D-VA) proposed a bill to be introduced in the next administration to cut greenhouse gases from power plants, transportation and factories by 80 percent by 2050. “The draft marks an important step in our ongoing efforts to address this increasingly serious problem,” Boucher and Dingell said in a statement. “This puts us one step closer to our goal of crafting a bill that can be enacted quickly in the next Congress.” The money earned from auctioning emission permits will be redirected towards clean energy and energy efficiency. In later years lawmakers hope the revenue can be returned to taxpayers. Environmentalists applaud the desire to move in the right direction but say the targets are not high enough. “The unbending science demands that we reduce global warming pollution far enough -- and fast enough -- to protect us from the worst consequences of climate change," Fred Krupp, President of Environmental Defense Fund, said in a statement. "The near-term targets and timetables in the current draft of the proposal fall far short of that goal."
For additional information see:
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB122340581484112167.html?mod=googlenews_wsj
http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2008/10/07/politics/politico/thecrypt/mai...
http://ap.google.com/article/ALeqM5i9xAGccax9gEIblO5a1YUtPXXd4gD93LU45O0
http://energycommerce.house.gov/
Time to Adapt as Earth Warms Up, Scientists Say
On October 7, the US National Academy of Sciences published a study demanding government action to prepare for the impacts of global warming. Even the most stringent international policies to stabilize greenhouse gases will result in an increase of at least 1.4 degrees Celsius by 2100 from 1990's levels, the study predicted. “You can't bring a sudden halt to global warming by suddenly reducing emissions,” said Richard Somerville of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. Adaptation is needed ``so that humankind can cope with the significant inevitable climate change that we are already committed to.” One suggestion from the study was for world leaders in low lying areas to prepare for sea level rises because it could destroy homes and threaten various animal species. “In the next decade we have to get our act together if we want to have a reasonable chance,'' said lead author Detlef van Vuuren of the Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency.
With the growing potential for crop failures and rising sea levels, many people could be forced to leave their homes. "Experts estimate that by 2050 some 200 million people will be displaced by environmental problems," the UN University Institute on the Environment and Human Security said in a statement. The University fears that people who are forced to leave their homes might become prey for human trafficking. UN Under Secretary-General Konrad Osterwalder said, "Environmental problems may not force anyone to cross an international border, but no one can deny the terrible similarities between those running from the threat of guns and those fleeing creeping desertification, water shortages, floods or hurricanes.”
For additional information see:
http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE497BQK20081008
http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2008-10/unu-emu100608.php
http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601124&sid=aXO_Msm1MHJo&refer=home
http://www.pnas.org/content/105/40/15258
Arctic Soil May Contain Nearly Twice GHG Producing Material Than Previously Estimated
University of Alaska Fairbanks researchers published a study in Nature Geoscience on October 8 that suggests frozen arctic soil contains twice as much stored carbon as was originally predicted. Professor Chien-Lu Ping and a team of scientists analyzed soil samples from 100 different sites to discover a previously undocumented layer of organic matter on top of and in the upper part of permafrost, ranging from 60 to 120 centimeters deep. As temperatures rise, less surface carbon enters the deeper part of the soil. The carbon already embedded in the deeper part of the soil is released into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide, methane and other gases. “The distribution of the Arctic carbon pool with regard to the surface, active layer and permafrost has not been evaluated before, but is very relevant in assessing changes that will occur across the Arctic system,” Ping said. “Where soil organic carbon is located in the soil profile is especially relevant and useful to climate warming assessments that need to evaluate effects on separate soil processes that vary with temperature and depth throughout the whole annual cycle of seasons.”
For additional information see:
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/10/081008091129.htm
WHO Meet to Study the Impact of Climate Change on Human Health
From October 6-8, the UN World Health Organization (WHO) convened 80 top researchers from around the world in Barcelona, Spain, to create guidelines for a research agenda on the impact of climate change on human health. "This meeting has made clear that there is a need to enhance our evidence base on ways to protect health from climate change," said Dr. Bernat Soria, Spain's Minister of Health and Consumption. "We welcome this plan, which sets out a clear research agenda and addresses all countries needs for evidence-based policy making." The plan focuses on five main areas of research: interactions with other health determinants and trends, direct and indirect effects, effectiveness of short-term interventions, health impact of policies of non-health sectors and ability of public health systems to address health effects of climate change.
For additional information see:
http://www.ens-newswire.com/ens/oct2008/2008-10-09-01.asp
http://www.ptinews.com/pti%5Cptisite.nsf/0/B9E59D8DA2A46E66652574DD00272...
http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=28490&Cr=climate+change&Cr1=
http://www.uaedailynews.com/health/1722.html
Climate Pushes Birds, Amphibians to the Brink
On October 9, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) released a study revealing that 35 percent of the world's birds, 52 percent of amphibians and 71 percent of warm-water reef-building corals are threatened by climate change. “This is the first time that a systematic assessment of species' susceptibility to climate change has been attempted," said Wendy Foden of IUCN's Species Program. "Climate change is already happening, but conservation decision makers currently have very little guidance on which species are going to be the worst affected." Some of the species listed include the albatross, penguin, Australian ground frog and horned toads. The report identifies 90 traits that make species more vulnerable. Those that rely on specific habitats like polar regions or tropical forests will be most at risk. “We also want to highlight species which are currently not threatened but are more likely to become so as climate change impacts intensify. By doing this we hope to promote pre-emptive and more effective conservation action," said Jean-Christophe Vie, deputy head of the IUCN Species Program.
For additional information see:
http://www.littleabout.com/2008/10/09/amphibians-birds-vulnerable-to-cli...
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/main.jhtml?xml=/earth/2008/10/08/eaiucn...
http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/Flora__Fauna/Climate_pushes_birds_am...
Climate Change to Devastate or Destroy Penguin Colonies
On October 9, a study released by the World Wildlife Federation (WWF) reveals that 50-75% of penguin colonies face decline or disappearance if global temperatures rise more than 2ºC. “Penguins are very well adapted to living in the cold and extreme conditions of Antarctica, so the continued increase in global temperature and resulting loss of feeding areas and nesting zones for their chicks has already led to notable reductions in their populations,” said Juan Casavelos, WWF Antarctica Climate Change Coordinator. “If temperatures increase by another two degrees, these icons of the Antarctic will be seriously threatened.” In order to save the penguin populations, WWF called for nations of the world to agree on a new global deal to follow the Kyoto Protocol that includes an obligation on developed countries to cut 25-40 percent of their emissions by 2020 and 80-90 percent by 2050, compared to 1990 levels.
For additional information see:
http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5jUVwjdfglV2tyXEwpo9_uygUjO1g
http://www.sciencecentric.com/news/article.php?q=08100916
http://www.reuters.com/article/environmentNews/idUSTRE49835P20081009
Forest CO2 Storage Plans Should Aid Poor: Alliance
On October 9, a joint statement was released by forestry companies, green organizations and indigenous peoples on the best way to reduce forest carbon emissions as part of the Forest Dialogue Initiative on Forests and Climate Change in Barcelona, Spain. "Forest leaders, business representatives, donors, and community groups not only agreed on the pivotal role that forests can play in mitigating climate change, but also mapped out a consensus action plant on concrete steps," said Steward Maginnis of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). One point of consensus was that preserving forests as carbon sinks must be one of the world’s top priorities. The representatives also said that projects should aim to reduce poverty, strengthen land rights, protect indigenous peoples, improve forest management, and should not act as a substitute for the emissions cuts needed of developed nations.
For additional information see:
http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5hHbasycCNlDD0Qr86EL09JvAB9zA
http://africa.reuters.com/top/news/usnJOE4970WX.html
Events
October 21, 2008 Book Discussion: A Declaration of Energy Independence
Jay Hakes will be discussing his new book, A Declaration of Energy Independence, at William G. McGowan Theater at the National Archives on Tuesday, October 21, at 7:00 p.m. As the former head of the Energy Information Administration, Jay Hakes had an inside look at America’s energy problems. Between rising oil prices, global instability, and environmental degradation, most Americans acknowledge the need for energy independence. Combining science with historical and political context, Hakes offers his insight and presents viable solutions for a more stable political, economic, and military future for America. A book signing will follow the program. For more information, please visit http://archives.gov/dc-metro/events/#energy.
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