|
|
|
|
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Climate Change News Brought to you by the Environmental and Energy Study Institute Carol Werner, Executive Director September 26, 2008 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Carbon Emissions Rise Worldwide On September 26, the Global Carbon Project reported that CO2 emissions – mainly from burning fossil fuels – have grown four times faster since 2000. The latest available statistics for 2007 confirm that China has now officially replaced the United States as the world's biggest source of annual carbon emissions. The new numbers were a surprise to many because scientists thought an economic downturn would slow energy use. Instead, carbon dioxide output jumped to a record high of 9.34 billion tons of carbon, an increase of three percent from 2006 to 2007. The pollution leader was China at two billion tons, followed by the United States at 1.75 billion tons of carbon. India is also poised to soon replace Russia as the third highest emitter, according to the report. And while several developed countries slightly cut their CO2 output in 2007, the United States’ emissions output continued to rise two percent higher than the previous year. "If we're going to do something (about reducing emissions), it's got to be different than what we're doing," said Gregg Marland, a senior staff scientist at the US Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory. "We're shipping jobs offshore from the U.S., but we're also shipping carbon dioxide emissions with them. China is making fertilizer and cement and steel and all of those are heavy energy-intensive industries." For additional information see: http://ap.google.com/article/ALeqM5iZmbwHFJ1gSmPm1wRkQTYD2ozXagD93DVMOO0 http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5hUsBKvXulUVKSeD__EVrPPkthyrw http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601116&sid=ajDR_6asoOGw&refer=a... http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/main.jhtml?xml=/earth/2008/09/26/eaemis... Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative Holds First Auction of Emissions Credits On September 25, ten Northeastern states held the first auction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission credits under the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI). The nation’s first cap and trade system limits the total amount of carbon that power plants in the ten states can emit to the current level – 188 million tons. Auction proceeds will go toward energy conservation and renewable energy programs in each of the 10 participating states: New York, Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Rhode Island and Vermont. The aim of the program is to hold carbon dioxide emissions steady through 2014 and then gradually reduce them. It is widely viewed as a model for future programs nationally and around the globe. 12.5 million permits were sold in the auction, each representing one ton of CO2, and will offer up to 188 million permits annually for three years. The auction was run by World Energy, an operator of online green exchanges. Results will be released September 29, pending review by an independent monitor. For additional information see: http://ap.google.com/article/ALeqM5hjn2nTv5FL2iEzbyIev3nuTHX-fAD93E08O82 http://www.reuters.com/article/environmentNews/idUSTRE48O91C20080925 http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/26/business/26pollute.html?ref=business Western States, Canadian Provinces Outline Climate Change Plan On September 23, the Western Climate Initiative, made up of seven western states and four Canadian provinces, proposed a comprehensive program to cut greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from power plants, manufacturers and vehicles. “This is an important roadmap for what will be the most comprehensive climate program in North America," California governor Arnold Schwarzenegger said. "We're sending a strong message to our federal governments that states and provinces are moving forward in the absence of federal action, and we're setting the stage for national programs that are just as aggressive." The plan aims to reduce GHG levels to 15 percent of 2005 levels by 2020, and the final draft recommendations also include the creation of a cap and trade program in four years. "No one says the Western U.S. can solve the international climate crisis by itself," said Ned Farquhar of Natural Resources Defense Council. "Instead, the West is protecting its own interests . . . by moving ahead. Someday, there will be leadership in Washington." For additional information see: http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601082&sid=aPQ2nyTTrVIo&refer=c... http://ap.google.com/article/ALeqM5jF7dw3c4uzwOsTW4M40OwXJS7qXwD93CIPA80 http://www.latimes.com/news/science/environment/la-na-climate24-2008sep2... http://www.westernclimateinitiative.org/ More Firms Believe Emitting Gases Will Cost Money On September 22, the nonprofit Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) conducted a poll showing that more global corporations recognize greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the United States will soon cost money and 75 percent say they have emission reduction targets. "We can see from 2008 responses to CDP a marked increase in levels of engagement from companies, with more companies reporting than ever before. With increased regulation on the horizon, investors are requiring this information to better understand the credit worthiness of companies in their portfolio and how climate change might affect their profitability," said Paul Dickinson, CEO of CDP. Many companies are awaiting clearer regulations as well as hope for a nationwide program in order to balance competition. “Business is ready to go," said Dickinson. “Governments are still taking their time getting ready to regulate, but further delay doesn't serve any useful purpose.” Eighty-one percent of US poll respondents saw climate change as a risk but only a third have proposed emission targets. "This demonstrates that, over all, many US companies are still lagging behind their global counterparts," the report said. "The gap between acknowledgment of the risks posed by climate change and positive action designed to reduce emissions needs to be closed." For additional information see: http://online.wsj.com/article/SB122204898548761823.html http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2008-09/cdp-cdp091608.php http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/LAC.20080922.RCARBON22//TPS... http://www.planetark.com/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/50322/story.htm Consumers Look to Businesses to Lead Climate Change Fight On September 23, the Nielsen Company conducted a survey of 28,000 internet users in 51 nations and found that most consumers want companies to do more to protect the environment and lead the fight against global warming. “The results show that environmental issues are gaining traction," said Max Boycoff, a researcher at Oxford University's Environmental Change Institute. "If organizations are looking to gain a foothold and reach out beyond the self-identified environmentalist, consumer behavior could be a way forward." According to the poll, 40 percent of respondents said governments should restrict companies' emissions of greenhouse gases and other pollutants. 38 percent favored government-led research into low-emissions cars, houses and renewable energy, and 37 percent said people should recycle more waste. "A 'global conscience' is one of the biggest trends to have emerged in the last decade," said Amilcar Perez, a vice president of the Nielsen Company in Latin America. For additional information see: http://www.reuters.com/article/environmentNews/idUSTRE48M8XI20080923 Companies’ Value Could Drop if Climate Change Not Addressed Britain’s Climate Trust released a report on September 22 that suggests companies could drop in value, a total worth of $7 trillion, if they do not address climate change-related risks. "Many sectors were as expected, for example, oil and gas is facing far more risks than opportunities," said Bruce Duguid, head of investor engagement at the Carbon Trust. "But there were also some surprises. Consumer electronics for example, you'd expect to see a lot of risk as regulators clamp down on energy profligate products, but in fact, the sector’s ability to adapt means it is well positioned to take advantage of new areas such as smart grids and teleconferencing." Some companies could see an 80 percent increase in value if appropriate investments are made. “We can see a trillion dollars of company value change, with leading, well-positioned companies gaining and badly positioned or slow companies losing out," said Tom Delay, chief executive of the Carbon Trust. For additional information see: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7628312.stm http://www.businessgreen.com/business-green/news/2226642/businesses-carb... http://ukpress.google.com/article/ALeqM5hdcQKVbxEAgUFGhti9dPOH9QGsXw http://www.marketwatch.com/news/story/climate-change-trillion-dollar-wake/story.aspx?guid={8E1752A2-EDD7-432D-BF4E-0B0626F7EC18}&dist=hppr Gordon Brown Says CO2 Emissions Targets Must Be Raised to 80 Percent by 2050 On September 23, British Prime Minister Gordon Brown called for an even larger cut in CO2 emissions, from 60 percent to 80 percent of current levels. He has asked the Climate Change Committee to create a report to analyze the feasibility of this goal by the end of October. "So the new settlement also requires another great and historic endeavor to end the dictatorship of oil and to avert catastrophic climate change, a transformation in our use of energy. New nuclear power, an unprecedented increase in renewables and investment in clean coal," he said. “And I want British companies and British workers to seize the opportunity and lead the world in the transformation to a low carbon economy and I believe that we can create in modern green manufacturing and service 1 million new jobs." Environmentalists cheered at the new direction Brown wants to take Britain, but reminded him of the need for tougher policies. Green Alliance director Stephen Hale said, "Gordon Brown was right to rail against the dictatorship of oil. Now he must back those words with energy and transport policies that will overthrow it and put us on track for a prosperous low carbon economy." For additional information see: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/main.jhtml?xml=/earth/2008/09/23/eaco21... WHO Official: Climate Change One of Greatest Threats to Asia-Pacific Region On September 23, World Health Organization (WHO) Western Pacific Regional Director Dr. Shigeru Omi warned that climate change would expand the range of malaria and dengue carrying mosquitoes to regions outside their natural Southeast Asia habitat. "A warmer planet has contributed to some diseases, such as dengue, now occurring in areas where it was never seen before. Heat waves and drought are among the many factors contributing to the current food crisis," he said. He also said that climate change could lead to a rise in sea level, which could threaten many areas in the Pacific. Omi recommends preparing for climate change, building up human resources and strengthening the health systems in order to treat the predicted increase in cases. For additional information see: http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/nation/09/23/08/who-funding-lack-climate-chan... http://www.gmanews.tv/story/122275/WHO-Global-warming-to-lead-to-hike-in... http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-09/23/content_10098344.htm Global Advertising Leaders and UN Chief Join Forces to Fight Climate Change On September 22, United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon and members of the International Advertising Association (IAA) unveiled a partnership to support UN-led efforts to cut greenhouse gas emissions and arrive at a new agreement to succeed the Kyoto Protocol at a major international conference next year in Copenhagen. “As climate change affects everyone, everywhere, the UN needs partners in the private sector and in civil society to mobilize and spur action,” Ban said. The Secretary General hopes that the advertising community’s expertise will boost the UN’s ability to promote a new agreement and rally support for a global effort to help combat climate change. Michael Lee, executive director of the IAA said, "The ad industry is up to the task of making a significant contribution to help change consumer behavior, influence public policy and help the UN make further progress on this issue. The ultimate selling proposition might just be saving the planet." For additional information see: http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=28152&Cr=Climate&Cr1= http://www.earthtimes.org/articles/show/global-advertising-community-and... http://www.adweek.com/aw/content_display/news/politics/e3i382d62ad1770e9... Burying CO2 Could Pay for Itself by 2030 On September 22, management consultants McKinsey & Co. released a report paid for by the Swedish-based energy company Vattenfall that states that carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology could pay for itself by 2030. According to the report, Europe should find CCS integral to meet its emission targets from electricity generation and other major polluting industries such as steel, cement and oil refining. "On the one hand, [CCS] could provide greater energy security by making the burning of Europe's abundant coal more environmentally acceptable, and so reducing the dependency on imported natural gas," the report said. "On the other, it could potentially improve the environmental impact of new energy forms such as electric cars and hydrogen, which could be produced with CCS-based electricity.” The report says that Europe can be more self sufficient because they would be able to rely on local sources of coal rather than imported natural gas from Russia. Critics argue that research is still lacking on the technology, storage sites may not be safe, and gas could leak and acidify sea water. For additional information see: http://www.reuters.com/article/environmentNews/idUSLM57702920080922 http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2008/09/22/business/EU-EU-Burying-Carbon.php Methane Released in the Arctic Could Raise Global Temperatures On September 23, researchers reported finding massive stores of subsea methane across the Siberian continental shelf and observed the gas bubbling from the surface, indicating that global warming might accelerate the release of methane from the Arctic seabed. “At earlier sites we had found elevated levels of dissolved methane,” Orjan Gustoffsson of Stockholm University said. “Yesterday, for the first time, we documented a field where the release was so intense that the methane did not have time to dissolve into the seawater but was rising as methane bubbles to the sea surface.” Methane also acts as a greenhouse gas but is more than 20 times more potent than CO2. The Arctic has risen by 4ºC over recent decades and scientists fear more methane could escape as temperatures continue to rise. "The conventional thought has been that the permafrost 'lid' on the sub-sea sediments on the Siberian shelf should cap and hold the massive reservoirs of shallow methane deposits in place,” Gustoffsson said. "The growing evidence for release of methane in this inaccessible region may suggest that the permafrost lid is starting to get perforated and thus leak methane." For additional information see: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/main.jhtml?xml=/earth/2008/09/23/eameth... http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/exclusive-the-methane-time-bom... http://www.lowcarboneconomy.com/community_content/_low_carbon_news/2120/... http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-1060041/New-global-warmin... Permafrost May Not Thaw Due to Global Warming In the September 19 issue of Science, researchers from the University of Alberta suggested that the impact of global warming on permafrost may not be as bad as originally forecasted. "We don't have to be as worried," said lead author Duane G. Froese. "Permafrost seems to be very resilient. Relative to other parts of our cryosphere or frozen parts of the Earth, like sea ice that is responding so quickly [to warming] or glacier ice which is responding quickly as well, deep permafrost is remaining cool." The evidence comes from an ancient wedge of ice found in the Yukon that remained frozen during warm weather. The properties of this wedge have led scientist to believe that deeply imbedded permafrost has inherent properties that make it less susceptible to melting. “I don’t want people to think we don’t have to worry about global climate change, but the deeper part of the permafrost is probably relatively stable,” said Dr. Froese. “This does not tell us that we don't need to worry about shallow permafrost, which also contains tremendous stores of carbon.” For additional information see: http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5hhTx33DaiT4B6rouUO4ejSampipA http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/23/science/23obsperm.html?_r=1&oref=slogin http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/321/5896/1648 Modest Carbon Dioxide Cutbacks May Be Too Little, Too Late For Coral Reefs In the September 23 issue of Geophysical Letters, researchers stated that ocean acidification could destroy coral reefs and other marine ecosystems even if atmospheric CO2 plateaus at 450 ppm, a level far below that of climate change forecasts. "Before the industrial revolution, over 98% of warm water coral reefs were surrounded by open ocean waters at least 3.5 times supersaturated with aragonite," said chemical oceanographers Long Cao. "But even if atmospheric CO2 stabilizes at the current level of 380 ppm, fewer than half of existing coral reef will remain in such an environment. If the levels stabilize at 450 ppm, fewer than 10% of reefs would be in waters with the kind of chemistry that has sustained coral reefs in the past." The data is based on computer simulations of ocean chemistry with varying atmospheric CO2 concentrations. If current trends in CO2 emissions continue unabated," said Caldeira, “Ecosystems like coral reefs that have been around for many millions of years just won't be able to cope with the change." For additional information see: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/09/080922155914.htm Greenland's Ice Cap Melting Faster Than Expected On September 23, Danish researchers announced findings from satellite observations that Greenland’s ice cap is melting faster than expected. "The ice in some places on the coast is now melting four times faster than before," said Abbas Khan of the Danish Space Center. The 695,000-square-mile ice cap, which represents ten percent of the planet's fresh water, is losing about 62 cubic miles of ice per year. Satellite observations have shown sea level increases of about one tenth of an inch each year this century compared to an increase of six hundredths of an inch last century. “The ice cap's melting season beat a new record in 2007, corresponding to a loss of 50 percent of the ice's total surface. And this record will not be the last one," said head researcher Sebastian Mernild of the International Research Center in Fairbanks, Alaska. For additional information see: http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5jrzZuGWyn57Jb2O2wOY7pLg4x6gQ http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5hZQ5s5aH7lFpJ9kDlyUmzF95jkWw Climate Change Program Gets New Funds and Home On September 25, it was announced that the Center for Capacity Building, a program until recently housed at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) in Boulder, Colorado, will move to the University of Colorado after receiving funding to continue its program. The Center for Capacity Building was created at the national climate research facility in 2004. In August 2008, NCAR eliminated the program’s $500,000 annual budget, citing shifting priorities and budget cuts. The program will now receive a $1 million grant over two years from the Rockefeller Foundation in order to “establish a new worldwide consortium to help link decision-makers in developing and industrialized countries with institutes, government agencies and individuals to collectively share their climate, water and weather-related knowledge,” the University of Colorado announced in a press release. The program’s director, Michael H. Glantz, is a political scientist who has focused on the societal impacts of natural climate extremes and changes driven by accumulating greenhouse gases. “If we can’t get ready for today’s extremes, year to year, decade to decade, we surely won’t be ready for what’s to come in the decades ahead,” he said. For additional information see: http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/25/science/earth/25climate.html?scp=1&sq=... http://www.colorado.edu/news/r/b0f7c9f5909006ea81a13f7833b6ec1d.html Abrupt Climate Change is Focus of US National Laboratories On September 22, six national laboratories were assigned a new project called IMPACTS, Investigation of the Magnitudes and Probabilities of Abrupt Climate Transitions, a program led by William Collins of Berkeley Lab’s Earth Sciences Division (ESD) to build comprehensive computer models and make accurate predictions about abrupt climate change (ACC). “IMPACTS is one part of a two-pronged approach to studying abrupt climate change, one based in the universities and the other in the national labs,” said Collins. “Both elements will share a central web-based portal, with all the participants meeting annually.” Scientists warn that a sudden ten degree Celsius increase is not unlikely and so want to prepare people for such surprises. The IMPACTS team will focus on four types of ACC: instability among marine ice sheets, rapid methane release by arctic forests and ecosystems, destabilization of methane hydrates, and megadroughts. “Those concerned with the effects of climate change on humans have never asked modelers to do this before," said Collins. "We hope that IMPACTS will demonstrate that it can be done.” For additional information see: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/09/080918192943.htm http://www.ens-newswire.com/ens/sep2008/2008-09-22-02.asp Hunt for 'Climate-Proof' Crop Begins On September 23, the Global Crop Diversity Trust announced its plans to investigate food crops with characteristics that are able to withstand climate change. "Our crops must produce more food, on the same amount of land, with less water, and more expensive energy," said the Trust's executive director, Cary Fowler. "There is no possible scenario in which we can continue to grow food we require without crop diversity." The $1.5 million plan will allocate grants for projects that screen developing nations’ seed collections. The favorable varieties will be introduced into breeding programs where crops that produce higher yields and are most resistant to conditions like drought and excessive heat will be selected. “The experts have, among other things, helped us identify which are the most important seed collections in terms of genetic diversity," said Fowler. "This has provided us with the scientific foundation for almost everything else we do." For additional information see: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7622920.stm New Australian Group Forms to Protect Wildlife from Climate Change On September 23, academics and business leaders formed the Equinox Group to protect and manage wildlife in the face of climate change. Headed by Adelaide University professor of plant conservation biology Andy Lowe, the group hopes to build knowledge about the climate dependency of native and introduced species, promote community participation, and fund landscape restoration. “Our generation has a unique opportunity to take action to arrest further biodiversity loss,'' Lowe said. “However, this requires landscape restoration on a scale and complexity that is beyond any individual government or corporation. It requires vision and commitment at a community level.” For additional information see: http://www.news.com.au/adelaidenow/story/0,22606,24390103-2682,00.html Australia Announces New Carbon Capture and Storage Institute On September 19, Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd announced plans to launch a $100 million carbon capture and storage (CCS) research center called The Global CCS Institute. “We have more than just a passing interest in this, not just in terms of our domestic reliance on coal-fired electricity generation but, beyond that, in the critical role of coal exports for this country," Rudd said. "We are the largest coal-exporting country in the world. We therefore have a particular responsibility given our national energy requirements . . . to deal with this challenge of ensuring that coal-fired power stations in the future are as clean as possible." In July, members of the G8 nations met in Japan and discussed hopes to have 20 industrial scale demonstration projects by 2010 and broad deployment of the technology by 2020. “Australia needs to be a leader in this effort,” Rudd said. “It's important for our future economy.” For additional information see: http://www.smh.com.au/news/national/usbound-pm-unveils-carbon-trap/2008/... http://www.news.com.au/dailytelegraph/story/0,22049,24385572-5001031,00.... Climate Change Could Boost Gray Nurse Shark Numbers On September 23, shark scientists from the University of Adelaide released a study that suggests threatened gray nurse shark populations could recover with the help of global warming. "This is probably one of those one in a hundred examples where climate change may actually be somewhat beneficial for this particular species," Adelaide's Associate Professor Corey Bradshaw said. Australia’s two gray nurse shark populations are on the east and west coasts separated by the cold water of the Victorian and South Australian coasts. Because the animals are very sensitive to water temperature the two groups have remained separated for more than 100,000 years. "We've already seen massive warming in the south-east and we're likely to see a lot more in the next 50 to 70 years so that these animals will be able to go quite happily along the southern coast and then therefore join up the two populations,” said Bradshaw. “The possibility that any one catastrophic event would make it go extinct is reduced." For additional information see: http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/09/23/2371480.htm?section=justin http://www.radioaustralia.net.au/programguide/stories/200809/s2371575.htm http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/09/23/2372015.htm Scientists See Link between Climate Change, Human Activity and Wildfires In the September 21 issue of Nature Geoscience, researchers blamed climate change as the major reason behind wildfires. The study, by a nine-member team from seven institutions, also attributes larges swings in burning to clearance and fire suppression during the industrial era. The data came from the analysis of 406 sedimentary charcoal records from lake beds on six continents. Charcoal levels can track both the incidence and severity of wildfire activity over long periods of time. "Based on the charcoal record, we believe the reduction in the amount of biomass burned during those 100 years can be attributed to a global expansion of agriculture and intensive grazing of livestock that reduced fuels plus general landscape fragmentation and fire-management efforts,” said Jennifer R. Marlon, a doctoral student at the University of Oregon who led the study. During the last 2,000 years, fire activity was highest in Europe between 1750 and 1870 – a time of population growth, massive changes in land cover, and human induced increases in atmospheric CO2 concentrations. "Our results strongly suggest that climate change has been the main driver of global biomass burning for the past two millennia," the researchers concluded. For additional information see: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/09/080921162046.htm Events September 27, 2008 Green Jobs Now Day of Action Green Jobs Now is a national day of action that will empower everyday people to stage hundreds of grassroots events throughout the country. It will have a special focus on low-income communities, communities of color and indigenous people. The Green Jobs Now is a non-profit, non-partisan initiative of Green For All, 1Sky, the We Campaign and many other partners. Please visit http://www.greenjobsnow.com/ for more information and to find local events. October 9, 2008 Webinar: Understanding Carbon Offsets Join the Carbon Management Council on October 9 at 12:00 pm for our latest webinar, Understanding Carbon Offsets. This webinar will be led by experts from Environmental Defense Fund and Point Carbon. Hear from two different perspectives on offsets in voluntary and compliance markets. Program topics include an overview of carbon offsets, their strategic role, expectations for the future of offsets, and their role in potential US and international regulatory schemes. There is a $29.99 participation fee for non-members. Please contact Kyle Gibeault at k.gibeault@carboncouncil.org to register. Quick Links ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ SUBSCRIBE to our newsletters and other products http://visitor.constantcontact.com/email.jsp?m=1101500533487 ARCHIVE: Past issues of the newsletter are posted on our website under "publications" http://www.eesi.org/publications/Newsletters/CCNews/ccnews.htm SUPPORT EESI: This newsletter and EESI's other valuable work in energy, climate change, agriculture, transportation and smart growth are made possible through financial support from people like you. Please donate now. http://www.eesi.org/support/support.htm Amy Sauer ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ e-mail: asauer[at]eesi.org web: www.eesi.org phone: 202-662-1892 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ This EESI publication is a free, weekly electronic newsletter intended to inform interested parties, particularly the policymaker community, of the latest climate change-related news. Permission for reproduction of this newsletter is granted provided that EESI is properly acknowledged as the source. The Environmental and Energy Study Institute is a non-profit organization established in 1984 by a bipartisan, bicameral group of members of Congress to provide timely information on energy and environmental policy issues to policymakers and stakeholders and develop innovative policy solutions that set us on a cleaner, more secure and sustainable energy path. |
|||
Printer-friendly version